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| Smart Hydroponic(Aquaponics) Monitoring & Controlling System |
Hello all I am Kritesh and in this blog we will learn about Smart Hydroponic Monitoring & Controlling System,Components Used, Specifications,Block Diagram.The term ‘hydroponics’ is
derived from two Greek words ponos (Working) and hydro (water) that started to be
used since 1950. Hydroponics is another way of growing plants that do not
require soil and this hydroponic gardening is being used by countries like
Australia. Being 30-50% faster in growth than the soil planting; these
hydroponic growing systems actually uses water to mix the nutrients to get
their way to the root system enabling the plant to utilize much energy for
fruit making besides the search process (that plants do to search nutrients in
the soil in Non-hydroponics
systems). Testing pH in these homemade hydroponic growing systems is also
important however mostly plants grow within the 5.8-6.8 pH range. Moreover to
direct the nutrients to the plant various mediums are used like Rockwool and
perlite.
This project encompasses the
design, construction, and evaluation of a vertical hydroponic tower. The tower
was designed to cycle nutrient rich water through two hydroponic system, drip
and nutrient film technique then return the water back to the reservoir. The
tower will grow 2-3 different plant varieties. Evaluations have been done on
the elevation, system type, and crop type to determine the most productive.
The
tower contained four troughs where plants were grown. Due to the structure of
the tower two of the troughs were elevated 20” higher than the other two
troughs. The elevation of the plants did not cause a noticeable difference in
growth. The two systems used were Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and Drip. The
NFT system contained a set water level in the troughs to allow the plants to
receive water through the roots. The Drip system ran a hose to each of the
plants allowing the plants to receive water as it passes by their roots. The
two systems grew plants at the same rate and growth was not noticeably
different between the two systems. The leafy plants used were romaine lettuce,
head lettuce, winterbor kale, swiss chard, and bonnie spinach. The crops that
exhibited the largest growth in the 18 days were the romaine lettuce, head
lettuce, and winterbor kale. The idea of growing with a vertical hydroponic
tower is to increase the productivity per acre of land. Keeping this in mind a
recommendation for future growing cycles is to use the same wood frame but to
modify the troughs by adding an additional hole between the existing holes to
increase the amount of plants grown. Another recommendation is to only use the
NFT irrigation system because you will not need to purchase emitters and
additional hose to run to each plant. Lastly growing a variety of romaine
lettuce, head lettuce, and winterbor kale together in the system is recommended
because they displayed the largest and quickest growth in the 18 days. Hydroponics
is one of the best alternatives of conventional cultivation .Hydroponics is a
method of growing crops and vegetables without soil with the help of nutrient
solution. It is the way to grow the fruits and vegetables for the year around
in such places where the soil is not present or it is contaminated.
Problem
Statement:-
In this
Project a two electrode sensor for measuring water conductivity for the
hydroponics system is presented. The sensor is designed to measure the
conductivity of nutrient solution which is in the range of mille Siemens (mS).
These electrodes are used to regulate the nutrient in hydroponics solution
according to the plant’s requirement. The automatic hydroponic system is based
on Raspberry pi and SIM 800 GSM module that monitor sand control the need of
hydroponics plants. Automatic hydroponics system will boost the production by
controlling the different parameters.
Block
Diagram
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| Block diagram |
Working:-
In this
work, some of the primary objectives are to regulate the nutrient solution
according to plant need which enable to reduce a unnecessary use of fertilizer
and make the system affordable because as mentioned above high cost of a system
is one of the big problem in hydroponics so there is need such kind of system
which can control the operation, improve performance and give the desire output
at lower cost.
COMPONENT
LIST & SPECIFICATIONS:-
Temperature
sensor (LM- 35):-
A temperature sensor is a device, typically, a thermocouple or RTD that
provides for temperature measurement through an electrical signal. The
controller must be able to measure the air temperature. Temperature range falls
well into the range required for growing food, which is 0-50°C It also has a
temperature accuracy of ±2°C. However, this can be improved by using an offset
in the SW to configure it to the actual temperature using a mercury based
thermometer. The sensor can only get new data once every 2 seconds. This should
not be a problem though for hydroponics. The chance of a big fluctuation in air
temperature within two seconds is not very likely.
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| Temperature sensor (LM- 35) |
Humidity Sensor(SY-HS-220):-
A
humidity sensor (or hygrometer) senses, measures and reports the relative
humidity in the air. It therefore measures both moisture and air temperature.
Relative humidity is the ratio of actual moisture in the air to the highest
amount of moisture that can be held at that air temperature. The warmer the air
temperature is, the more moisture it can hold. Humidity / dew sensors use
capacitive measurement, which relies on electrical capacitance. Electrical
capacity is the ability of two nearby electrical conductors to create an
electrical field between them. The sensor is composed of two metal plates and
contains a non-conductive polymer film between them. This film collects moisture
from the air, which causes the voltage between the two plates to change. These
voltage changes are converted into digital readings showing the level of
moisture in the air.
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Humidity Sensor(SY-HS-220) |
LDR:-
A photo
resistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photocell) is a light-controlled
variable resistor. The resistance of a photo resistor decreases with increasing
incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photo conductivity.
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| LDR |
RTC (DS-1307):-
A real-time clock (RTC) is a computer
clock (most often in the form of an integrated circuit) that keeps track of the
current time. Although the term often refers to the devices in personal
computers, servers and embedded systems, RTCs are present in almost any
electronic device which needs to keep accurate time. The DS1307 Serial
Real-Time Clock is a low-power, full binary-coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar
Plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM.
Address and data are transferred serially via a 2-wire, bi-directional bus.
The clock/calendar provides
seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the
month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days,
including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour
or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. The
DS1307 has a built-in power
sense circuit that detects power failures and automatically switches to the battery
supply.
Some features of RTC are:-
Real-time clock (RTC) counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month, month,
day of the week, and year with leap-year compensation.
56-byte, battery-backed, non-volatile (NV)RAM for data storage
Two-wire serial interface
Programmable square wave output signal.
Consumes less than 500na in battery backup mode with oscillator running.
Optional industrial temperature range -40°C to +85°C.
Available in 8-pin DIP or
SOIC
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RTC (DS-1307) |
Power
Supply (12V):-
A power supply is an electronic
device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The primary
function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to
another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power
converters. Some power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas
others are built into larger devices along with their loads. Examples of the
latter include power supplies found in desktop computers and consumer
electronics devices.
Every power supply must obtain
the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it consumes while
performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a power
supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical
energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and
fuel cells, electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar
power converters, or another power supply.
All
power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy
source, and a power output that delivers energy to the load. In most
power supplies the power input and output consist of electrical connectors or
hardwired circuit connections, though some power supplies employ wireless
energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input or output.
Some power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for
functions such as external monitoring and control.
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Power Supply (12V) |
Room Heater:-
Room heaters are used to heat a
small space and are normally portable or fitted to a wall. Most room heaters
use gas or electricity. Room heaters are convenient appliances that provide
focused and localized heat which is particularly suitable in a room for people
that are elderly, ill or with limited mobility. But they can be expensive. They
consume a lot of gas or electricity if used to heat up a space quickly, and are
likely to cost a lot more than a central heating system. Ideally, room heaters
should only be used as a secondary or supplementary source of heat. Even then,
you should use the right heater for the space you want to heat, and carefully
control the temperature and the time you have the heater on. Heaters that have
these controls are often cheaper to run.
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| Room Heater |
Pump:-
A pump is a device that moves
fluids (liquids or gases) by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into
three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct
lift, displacement, and gravity pumps. Pumps operate by some
mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform
mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources,
including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many
sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial
pumps. Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping
water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car
industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for
pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical
industry, pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and
manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in
particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis. Single stage pump - When
in a casing only one impeller is revolving then it is called single stage pump.
Double/ Multi stage pump - When in a casing two or more than two impellers are
revolving then it is called double/ multi stage pump. In biology, many
different types of chemical and bio-mechanical pumps have evolved, and bio
mimicry is sometimes used in developing new types of mechanical pumps.
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| Pump |
Light Source:-
The light sources are accelerators that produce exceptionally intense beams of
X-rays, ultra-violet and infrared light, making possible both basic and applied
research in fields ranging from physics to biology and technology, which are
not possible with more conventional equipment.
‘Light’ refers to the breadth
of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes visible light, yet also
includes light with wavelengths that we cannot see, such as: radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. These different
types of light are used in everyday life, however. For example, airport
scanners use X-rays to inspect the contents of your suitcase. Likewise, the
right kind of light and the right equipment can help us see things in much
finer detail than the human eye could possibly make out.
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| Light Source |
Actuator:-
An actuator is a component of a
machine that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. An
actuator requires a control signal and a source of energy. The control signal
is relatively low energy and may be electric voltage or current, pneumatic or
hydraulic pressure, or even human power. The supplied main energy source may be
electric current, hydraulic fluid pressure, or pneumatic pressure. When the
control signal is received, the actuator responds by converting the energy into
mechanical motion. An actuator is the mechanism by which a control system acts
upon an environment. The control system can be simple (a fixed mechanical or
electronic system), software-based (e.g. a printer driver, robot control
system), a human, or any other input.
Some features of actuator are:-
3.5 -12v D.C input voltage
Power Range:-0.5 -5 watt
Submersible pump
Water output hole:-8mm.
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| Actuator |
Relay driver:-
A Relay
Driver is an electromagnetic switch that will be used whenever we want to use a
low voltage circuit t0 switch high current on or off which should be
electrically isolated from controlling circuit. Relay have been around for a
long time and though often now replaced with solid state switches, they have
unique properties that make them more robust than solid-state devices and are
not going away. The unique properties are high current capacity, ability to
withstand ESD and drive circuit isolation.
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| Relay driver |
GSM Module:-
GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication
between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile
communication (GSM) is an architecture used for mobile communication in
most of the countries. Global Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of GSM
that enables higher data transmission rate. A GSM/GPRS MODEM can perform
the following operations:
1. Receive, send or delete SMS
messages in a SIM.
2. Read, add, search phonebook
entries of the SIM.
3. Make,
Receive, or reject a voice call.
A
GSM/GPRS module assembles a GSM/GPRS modem with standard communication
interfaces like RS-232 (Serial Port), USB etc., so that it can be easily
interfaced with a computer
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| Add caption |
Camera:-
Camera
is used in monitoring purpose of the work which is carried out and helps in
informing the actual view of the regions where it is to be placed.
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GSM Module |
Raspberry Pi:-
The Raspberry Pi is a credit
card-sized computer that plugs into your TV and a keyboard. It is a capable
little computer which can be used in electronics projects, and for many of the
things that your desktop PC does, like spreadsheets, word processing, browsing
the internet, and playing games. It also plays high-definition video. We want
to see it being used by kids all over the world to learn programming. The
Arduino and Raspberry Pi components allow for not only environmental monitoring
(temperature, humidity, lighting) of the conditions near the growing unit, but
are also used to automate watering cycles, to monitor and manage nutrients in
the water, as well as monitor and correct pH in the system.
The full specs for the
Raspberry Pi 3 include:
CPU: Quad-core 64-bit ARM Cortex A53 clocked at 1.2 GHz.
GPU: 400MHz Video Core IV multimedia.
Memory: 1GB LPDDR2-900 SDRAM (i.e. 900MHz)
USB ports: 4.
Video outputs: HDMI, composite video (PAL and NTSC) via 3.5 mm
jack.
Network: 10/100Mbps Ethernet and
802.11n Wireless LAN.
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| Raspberry Pi |
Future
Scope:-
Hydroponic farming can have a
great future in India if it’s value is known and understood to the people.
Hydroponic is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrients solutions in
water without soil.
In coming years India really
needs such farming methods as
1. It produces higher yield
than the traditional soil based agriculture.
2. Growing medium can be used
and recycled.
3. Hydroponics plants have a
higher pest resistance which eliminates the higher use of pesticides.
4. It is
eco-friendly as it reduces soil erosion as well as water pollution.
For Overview,Appications,Advatages and Disadvatntages,etc of Smart Hydroponic(Aquaponics) Monitoring & Controlling System Click Here
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